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Original titles, attribution, publication details and summaries in the selected language.
Published entries: 206
Matching entries: 206. Showing 51–75 of 206.
Paper · 2024
Electrochemically-enhanced nuclear fusion of deuterium
- Curtis Berlinguette(Author)
- Kuo-Yi Chen(Author)
- Phil Schauer(Author)
- Sergey Issinski(Author)
- Fatima H. Garcia(Author)
- Ryan Oldford(Author)
- Luca Egoriti(Author)
- Shota Higashino(Author)
- Jannis Maiwald(Author)
- Aref E. Vakili(Author)
- Yunzhou Wen(Author)
- Joseph Koh(Author)
- Thomas Schenkel(Author)
- Monika Stolar(Author)
- Amanda K. Brown(Author)
Berlinguette and colleagues ask whether electrochemically loading a metal lattice with deuterium can raise the probability of fusion events. Fuel density matters under the Lawson criterion, and a solid metal easily holds deuterium at 10^28 m^-3. They built a benchtop reactor that fires deuterium ions into a palladium target, where deuterium-deuterium fusion takes place inside the metal. Loading extra deuterium into the palladium electrochemically, during the run, raised fusion rates by 15(2)%. The experiment shows chemistry at the electronvolt scale changing nuclear reactions at the megaelectronvolt scale, a new handle on fusion that needs no extreme environment.
patent · 2018
Electromagnetic field generator and method to generate an electromagnetic field
- Salvatore Pais(Author)
Salvatore Pais’s patent proposes an electromagnetic-field generator combining a charged shell, an electrostatic generator, a thermal power source, electrical conversion and a motor. Spherical, hemispherical and disc variants incorporate polarized lead zirconate titanate ceramics to drive shell vibration alongside rotation. The description requires separating those vibrations from structural resonances that could damage the assembly. Its power chain converts supplied heat into electricity, with nuclear and gas-turbine options discussed for different installations. The quoted field intensities of 10²⁴–10²⁸ watts per square metre are predictions based on coupled charged-shell rotation and vibration, rather than reported measurements. Additional arrangements include auxiliary propulsion and counter-rotating hemispheres, distinguishing the field-generator concept from the separate systems needed to position or stabilize it.
Paper · 2018
Electromagnetic response of gravitational waves passing through an alternating magnetic field
- H. Zheng(Author)
- L. F. Wei(Author)
- H. Wen(Author)
- F. Y. Li(Author)
H. Zheng, L. F. Wei, H. Wen and F. Y. Li propose searching for high-frequency gravitational waves through the electromagnetic signals they create in a strong alternating magnetic field. LIGO and Virgo detect lower-frequency waves by their mechanical, tidal effects. In the original Gertsenshtein–Zeldovich setup the signal scales with the square of the wave amplitude, but here it scales linearly, making it detectable with current weak-light detectors. Because the induced signals have a wave impedance very different from ordinary radiation, background noise can be filtered out by wave matching. Tuning the field frequency could let the scheme sweep a wide band, such as 10^7 to 10^12 Hz, if the cavity and sweep are achievable.
talk · 2022
Electron Screened and Enhanced Nuclear Reactions
- Lawrence P. Forsley(Author)
- Louis F. DeChiaro(Author)
Forsley and DeChiaro review electron screening and set out its astrophysical and terrestrial implications. They report that it occurs at high electron densities that are Fermi degenerate, and is not applicable to tokamaks. Screening works below 10 keV of kinetic energy and increases nuclear reaction rates by potentially 20 orders of magnitude. Using a beryllium model system placed within a fullerene, interstitial palladium and a diamond anvil, they argue that a chemical environment interacts with a nucleus. They conclude that modelling allows optimum materials and conditions to be determined and helps guide theory, modelling and experiment through feedback.
Paper · 2017
Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
- Erik P. Verlinde(Author)
Erik Verlinde builds on the idea that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of a deeper microscopic theory. In de Sitter space, he argues, positive dark energy adds a thermal volume-law entropy that overtakes the area law exactly at the cosmological horizon. Matter displaces this entropy, and the elastic response adds an extra dark gravitational force to the emergent laws of gravity. He estimates its strength from baryonic mass, Newton's constant and the Hubble acceleration scale, and presents evidence that this force explains what galaxies and clusters now attribute to dark matter. He sees the natural appearance of the acceleration scale a0 as a particularly convincing aspect of the approach.
Paper · 2020
Energy conditions in general relativity and quantum field theory
- Eleni-Alexandra Kontou(Author)
- Ko Sanders(Author)
Eleni-Alexandra Kontou and Ko Sanders review the status of energy conditions in general relativity and quantum field theory, with history, technical results, applications and some new derivations. Pointwise energy conditions began as reasonable limits on matter and became assumptions in proofs of singularity theorems and of the non-existence of wormholes and similar exotic phenomena. Yet quantum fields, and even some simple classical fields, systematically violate every pointwise energy condition. Weaker statements, quantum energy inequalities and averaged energy conditions, hold more widely and may still prove some earlier results. One of them, the achronal averaged null energy condition, is expected to hold universally for gravitating matter, even in semiclassical or quantum gravity.
Paper · 2023
Energy does not have a Gravitational Mass
- Takaaki Musha(Author)
Takaaki Musha starts from a paradox: in Einstein's theory, vacuum zero-point energy cut off at the Planck frequency would curve the universe into a singularity. The resulting radius of curvature would be orders of magnitude smaller than an atomic nucleus. Building on Sakharov's idea and Puthoff's model of gravity as an interaction between particles and the zero-point field, he develops a zero-point-field theory of gravity. The derivation adapts Jordan-Mbeutchou's model, which treats gravity as an interaction between matter and a fluid filling space. In this theory energy has no equivalent gravitational mass, so the vacuum energy does not collapse the universe, no graviton is needed, and gravity is an electromagnetic effect induced by the zero-point field.
Paper · 2008
Enhancement of deuteron-fusion reactions in metals and experimental implications
- A. Huke(Author)
- K. Czerski(Author)
- P. Heide(Author)
- G. Ruprecht(Author)
- N. Targosz(Author)
- W. Żebrowski(Author)
Huke, Czerski, Heide, Ruprecht, Targosz and Żebrowski take up low-energy deuteron fusion in metals, where several groups see enhanced electron screening but with screening energies that differ widely. They present new measurements and study the processes that interfere inside irradiated targets. Surface contamination from residual gases and uneven, unstable deuteron density are key effects to control. An improved differential analysis handles these, and close scrutiny of other experiments shows their unusual yield changes come mainly from deuteron density dynamics. Comparing with theories of electron screening in metals, the Debye-Hückel model previously proposed for nuclear reactions and radioactive decays is clearly excluded.
Paper · 2025
Exceeding the maximum classical energy density in fully charged quantum batteries
- Masahiro Hotta(Author)
- Kazuki Ikeda(Author)
In their author manuscript, Hotta and Ikeda propose a quantum-battery protocol that uses quantum energy teleportation to increase energy stored in a local subsystem. The protocol starts from an entangled highest-energy state of locally interacting spins, rather than the ground state used in conventional quantum energy teleportation. Alice measures her subsystem and sends the result through a classical channel; Bob uses that information to choose a local operation. In an analytical two-qubit model, this feedback raises Bob’s local energy above its initial value, with the classical comparison defined as maximum total energy divided by subsystem count. The authors identify scaling to larger systems and experimental validation on quantum devices as further research.
Paper · 2019
Excess Heat from Palladium Deposited on Nickel
- Tadahiko Mizuno(Author)
- Jed Rothwell(Author)
Tadahiko Mizuno and Jed Rothwell describe two ways to generate excess heat with palladium on nickel in deuterium gas. The older method used weeks or months of glow discharge to sputter palladium from a central electrode onto a nickel mesh. Its best result was 480 W out for 248 W in, or 232 W of excess heat. The newer method applies palladium directly to nickel and takes only about a day. Its excess is usually 5–6% of input power, with the best runs near 20%, or 10–40 W, and the next goal is higher-temperature operation.
Report · 2017
Experimental Observations of Nuclear Activity in Deuterated Materials Subjected to a Low-Energy Photon Beam
- Bruce M. Steinetz(Author)
- Theresa L. Benyo(Author)
- Vladimir Pines(Author)
- Marianna Pines(Author)
- Lawrence P. Forsley(Author)
- Paul A. Westmeyer(Author)
- Arnon Chait(Author)
- Michael D. Becks(Author)
- Richard E. Martin(Author)
- Robert C. Hendricks(Author)
- Nicholas Penney(Author)
- Annette M. Marsolais(Author)
- Tracy R. Kamm(Author)
Steinetz and colleagues report that exposing highly deuterated materials to a low-energy photon beam of nominally 2 MeV resulted in nuclear activity of the parent metals hafnium and erbium and of a molybdenum witness material mixed with the reactants. Gamma spectral analysis showed that nuclear processes had occurred, as shown by unique gamma signatures. Posttest gamma spectra showed evidence of radioisotopes of erbium and of molybdenum and, by beta decay, technetium. In contrast, when the hydrogenated or non-gas-loaded erbium or hafnium materials were exposed to the gamma flux, the spectra revealed no new isotopes. Track detectors showed evidence of fast neutrons with energies between 1.4 and 2.5 MeV, and the authors state that further study is required to determine the mechanism causing the nuclear activity.
Paper · 2026
Experimentally separating vacuum fluctuations from source radiation
- Alexa Herter(Author)
- Frieder Lindel(Author)
- Laura Gabriel(Author)
- Stefan Yoshi Buhmann(Author)
- Jérôme Faist(Author)
Herter, Lindel, Gabriel, Buhmann and Faist tackle a long-standing ambiguity: whether the Lamb shift, Casimir forces and spontaneous emission come from vacuum fields or source radiation had only been decided by theoretical assumption. Ultrafast optics now allows an experimental analogue of Fermi's two-atom problem with two laser pulses in a nonlinear crystal. They detect correlations between the pulses caused by vacuum fluctuations and by source radiation, separated by their causal properties. The two correlate different quadratures of near-infrared pulses, so phase-sensitive detection probes each separately. The results verify the time-domain fluctuation-dissipation theorem at the quantum level and open the way to entanglement harvesting from the vacuum and field detection in curved-space analogues.
Paper · 2024
Exploring artificial intelligence techniques to research low energy nuclear reactions
- Anasse Bari(Author)
- Tanya Pushkin Garg(Author)
- Yvonne Wu(Author)
- Sneha Singh(Author)
- David Nagel(Author)
Bari, Garg, Wu, Singh and Nagel apply modern artificial intelligence to research on low energy nuclear reactions, a candidate clean energy source. They built a corpus of 3,424 documents: 2,174 PDFs collected from the LENR-CANR library's 4,743 entries plus 1,250 papers and reports gathered from other public sources. Using embedding models and topic modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation, BERTopic and Top2Vec, they map the structure and main themes of the field. They also release LENRsim, an experimental machine learning tool with a web interface that finds similar studies. The analysis and tools are aimed at helping researchers plan and advance their LENR studies.
Paper · 2026
Exploring Particle Geodesics in a Warp Drive Spacetime
- Lucas Timotheo Sanches(Author)
- Max Morris(Author)
- Steven R Brandt(Author)
Lucas Timotheo Sanches, Max Morris and Steven Brandt ask whether the Alcubierre warp drive is useful for slower-than-light travel. They observe that the warp bubble protects the ship from dust and debris, a serious hazard even at 10% of light speed. They follow the paths of massive particles through modified warp metrics. In one variant, particles near the ship reach 23% of light speed, while in the original drive particles are reflected at up to 80% of light speed. To handle all these hazards, they add a deflector shield term to the metric that frame-drags particles away from the direction of travel.
Report · 2024
FESAC Decadal Study: Clean, multi-purpose fusion power from small field-reversed configuration reactors
- S. A. Cohen(Author)
Cohen proposes expanded research on small field-reversed configuration reactors, targeting fusion power between 0.5 and 50 MW and fuels that produce fewer neutrons. His white paper presents a research programme, identifying potential engineering advantages while specifying physics and technology questions that still require investigation. Priorities include current drive, kinetic modelling, plasma stabilization and heating, alongside the development of shielding for reactor components. Proposed direct electricity-conversion methods need testing; reduced neutron production does not remove the need for shielding. Cohen recommends beginning with specialized customers who lack alternatives, before competing in the broader electricity market.
Paper · 2008
Fiber-Optical Analog of the Event Horizon
- Thomas G. Philbin(Author)
- Chris Kuklewicz(Author)
- Scott Robertson(Author)
- Stephen Hill(Author)
- Friedrich König(Author)
- Ulf Leonhardt(Author)
Philbin, Leonhardt and colleagues build on the fact that an event horizon behaves like waves in a moving medium: a horizon forms wherever the medium moves faster than the waves. Their picture is a river flowing towards a waterfall, where beyond some point waves can no longer travel upstream. Using ultrashort pulses in microstructured optical fibres, they demonstrate an artificial event horizon made of light. They observe a classical optical effect, light blue-shifting at a white-hole horizon. Theoretical calculations show the same system can probe the quantum effects of horizons, in particular Hawking radiation.
Paper · 2016
Finite difference computation of Casimir forces
- Fabrizio Pinto(Author)
In an invited paper, Fabrizio Pinto traces the history of computing interatomic and Casimir forces, from early theory and experiment to realistic micro- and nanodevices. He singles out time-modulating the Casimir force: changing its magnitude and sign is a key principle for building thermodynamic nano-engines. The other lever is geometry, after the discovery that standard numerical electromagnetism can compute Casimir forces in arbitrary shapes. He shows that plain finite differencing recovers the Lifshitz results for parallel slabs, then explores other geometries, membranes deformed by Casimir forces and anisotropic materials. The field will feed breakthrough industrial products and next-generation experiments.
Paper · 2023
First measurements of p11B fusion in a magnetically confined plasma
- R. M. Magee(Author)
- K. Ogawa(Author)
- T. Tajima(Author)
- I. Allfrey(Author)
- H. Gota(Author)
- P. McCarroll(Author)
- S. Ohdachi(Author)
- M. Isobe(Author)
- S. Kamio(Author)
- V. Klumper(Author)
- H. Nuga(Author)
- M. Shoji(Author)
- S. Ziaei(Author)
- M. W. Binderbauer(Author)
- M. Osakabe(Author)
R. M. Magee and colleagues report the first measurements of proton-boron fusion in a magnetically confined plasma, a reaction that is attractive for energy but technically hard. The fuels are abundant, non-toxic and non-radioactive, and the reaction makes no neutrons, only helium. In the Large Helical Device, boron powder injected at the plasma edge accumulated in the core. Three 2 MW, 160 kV hydrogen neutral beams supplied well-confined, high-energy protons to react with it. A custom detector counted the MeV alpha particles, giving a fusion rate in very good relative agreement with calculations.
Paper · 2014
First results from the new PVLAS apparatus: a new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence
- F. Della Valle(Author)
- E. Milotti(Author)
- A. Ejlli(Author)
- G. Messineo(Author)
- L. Piemontese(Author)
- G. Zavattini(Author)
- U. Gastaldi(Author)
- R. Pengo(Author)
- G. Ruoso(Author)
Della Valle, Milotti, Ejlli, Messineo, Piemontese and Zavattini report first results from the new PVLAS apparatus in Ferrara, which hunts for vacuum magnetic birefringence predicted by quantum electrodynamics. They measure a noise floor for the unitary-field vacuum birefringence of (4 ± 20) × 10^-23 T^-2 at one standard deviation. The value is compatible with zero, setting a new limit on vacuum birefringence from nonlinear electrodynamics. It narrows to a factor of 50 the gap to the first measurement of the QED value, 4 × 10^-24 T^-2. The data also tighten model-independent bounds on axion-like particles coupling to two photons above 1 meV and improve the fractional charge limit on millicharged particles by a factor of two.
Paper · 2020
Fluctuation-induced current from freestanding graphene
- P. M. Thibado(Author)
- P. Kumar(Author)
- Surendra Singh(Author)
- M. Ruiz-Garcia(Author)
- A. Lasanta(Author)
- L. L. Bonilla(Author)
Thibado and colleagues show that micron-sized sheets of freestanding graphene keep moving at room temperature, even while a bias voltage is applied. Using a scanning tunnelling microscope, they measure that out-of-plane motion as a displacement current collected by a nearby small metal electrode. A Langevin model couples the moving membrane to a circuit containing diodes. The system settles into thermal equilibrium, with heat, work and entropy production rates falling quickly to zero, yet the graphene still delivers power equal to what the load resistor dissipates. Their exact power formula resembles Nyquist's noise formula, except that the changing diode resistance strongly boosts the output and the graphene's motion shifts the spectrum to lower frequencies.
Paper · 2021
Fluid dynamics in the warp drive spacetime geometry
- Osvaldo L. Santos-Pereira(Author)
- Everton M. C. Abreu(Author)
- Marcelo B. Ribeiro(Author)
Santos-Pereira, Abreu and Ribeiro solve the Einstein equations for the Alcubierre warp metric with fluid matter as the source. They use a perfect fluid and a more flexible parametrised perfect fluid, chosen to explore warp solutions with positive matter density. Two of four perfect-fluid subcases reduce to vacuum, as dust did, while others allow a warp drive with positive matter density at the cost of a complex regulating function. The parametrised fluid also gives solutions in which warp speeds arise with positive matter density. All four energy conditions are satisfied for the perfect fluid and constrain the parametrised fluid, and more complex matter distributions may make negative matter density unnecessary.
Paper · 2023
Focus Fusion: Overview of Progress Towards p-B11 Fusion with the Dense Plasma Focus
- Eric J. Lerner(Author)
- Syed M. Hassan(Author)
- Ivana Karamitsos-Zivkovic(Author)
- Rudolph Fritsch(Author)
Eric Lerner and colleagues at LPPFusion are developing Focus Fusion, which pairs the dense plasma focus device with hydrogen-boron-11 fuel. The project has reached the highest confined ion energies of any fusion experiment, above 200 keV, and the lowest impurities of any fusion plasma. Among privately funded efforts it has the highest ratio of fusion energy to device input and the highest density-confinement-temperature product, 3.4 × 10^20 keV s/m^3. Calculations indicate the quantum magnetic field effect can greatly reduce bremsstrahlung losses with this fuel. Small, simple 5 MW generators with no neutron damage and direct energy conversion could undercut existing sources, with working prototypes anticipated by 2026 to 2030.
Paper · 2010
Formation of bound states of electrons in spherically symmetric oscillations of plasma
- Maxim Dvornikov(Author)
Maxim Dvornikov uses classical electrodynamics to study electrons oscillating in spherically symmetric patterns inside a plasma. Such radial pulsations carry no magnetic field, so they lose no energy to radiation, which can explain why spherical plasmoids formed in nature are relatively stable. He works out the electromagnetic potentials of radially oscillating charges, then treats both free and forced oscillations of the electrons. Electrons oscillating this way interact by exchanging ion acoustic waves, and the effective potential can be attractive and exceed the Debye-Hückel potential. He proposes that oscillating electrons form bound states early in the life of a spherical plasma structure, with applications to the theory of natural plasmoids.
Paper · 2004
Fundamental limitations on 'warp drive' spacetimes
- Francisco S N Lobo(Author)
- Matt Visser(Author)
Francisco Lobo and Matt Visser use warp drive spacetimes as thought experiments that probe the foundations of general relativity. They formulate the Alcubierre and Natário spacetimes carefully, make the notion of superluminal communication precise and confirm that both violate the classical energy conditions non-perturbatively. They apply linearised gravity to weak-field Alcubierre and Natário drives and test the energy conditions to first and second order in bubble velocity. They highlight a feature not remarked on before: a warp drive would be a reactionless drive. For both drives, significant energy condition violations persist even at arbitrarily low speeds. Treating the ship as a finite mass, the net negative energy in the warp field must be a significant fraction of the ship's mass.
Paper · 2019
Fundamental Limitations to Local Energy Extraction in Quantum Systems
- Álvaro M. Alhambra(Author)
- Georgios Styliaris(Author)
- Nayeli A. Rodríguez-Briones(Author)
- Jamie Sikora(Author)
- Eduardo Martín-Martínez(Author)
Alhambra, Styliaris, Rodríguez-Briones, Sikora and Martín-Martínez ask when energy can be extracted locally from a two-part quantum system that is strongly coupled and entangled. The task is expected to be restricted by the entanglement present in the system's low-energy eigenstates. Using semidefinite programming for the first time in this context, they find necessary and sufficient conditions for when such local extraction is impossible. They strengthen an earlier result by Frey and colleagues with a quantitative bound on the temperature threshold where this passivity sets in. The limit also holds for thermal states in the thermodynamic limit when spatial correlations decay fast enough, and they give numerical examples.