Historical research guide · 0635 · 2019

Room Temperature Superconducting System for use on a Hybrid Aerospace-Undersea Craft

Salvatore C. Pais

In one minute

Pais’s 2019 AIAA paper sets out an active superconducting surface for a hybrid aerospace-undersea craft. It begins with a composite wire: an insulating polymer core, a thin aluminium or PZT coating near the London penetration depth, and pulses timed to the wire’s resonant vibration. Applying London equations to this driven wire, Pais derives carrier mass scaling inversely with squared angular vibration frequency and stronger diamagnetism at higher frequency. He connects the design to an electrified, vibrating craft skin, a high Q factor, and a proposed change in local vacuum energy density. The paper specifies a mechanism and a prototype direction, including a graphene-coating experiment. It gives no reported room-temperature-superconductivity measurement from the proposed wire.

Connection

This record turns a broad vehicle concept into a material subsystem: a composite wire, a drive method, predicted electrical behavior, and a next experiment that can be measured.

From the source

Pais places an active room-temperature superconductor in the Hybrid Aerospace-Undersea Craft’s electrically charged outer surface. The paper connects a high Q factor — energy stored divided by energy lost — with a proposed change in local vacuum energy density near the craft, and treats avoiding cryogenic fluid as a weight requirement.Abstract; Section I, Introduction; Section II, Hybrid Aerospace-Undersea Craft
The apparatus uses a Teflon or other insulating-polymer core with a thin aluminium or lead-zirconate-titanate coating near the London penetration depth. Current is pulsed at the wire’s resonant vibration frequency. Pais locates the intended supercurrent at the metal-insulator boundary and describes that configuration as an unconventional superconductor.Abstract; Section III, Proposed Room Temperature Superconductor, equation 1
The paper derives two frequency relations from its London-equation treatment. Carrier mass scales as charge squared divided by angular vibration frequency squared; the text links higher frequency to easier carrier transport through the lattice. Combining that relation with Faraday’s law gives stronger diamagnetism as vibration frequency rises, so less generated flux is needed to expel an applied magnetic field.Section IV, Mathematical Formalism, equations 2, 3 and 4
At craft scale, the paper connects an electrified, vibrating skin with a proposed alteration of local vacuum energy density and local spacetime behavior. It pairs that connection with Wheeler’s summary: energy density tells spacetime how to fluctuate, and spacetime tells energy density how to propagate.Section II, closing paragraph
Pais uses Prigogine’s order-from-chaos framework for the driven wire. Thermal agitation and imposed lattice vibration form a non-linear, far-from-equilibrium environment; the paper names a non-linear medium, abrupt departure from equilibrium, and a sustaining energy flux as its three conditions. It joins that framework to the Meissner effect and electron-pairing mechanisms as a route to macroscopic quantum coherence.Section IV, the decoherence and Prigogine passages; Section VII, Conclusion
The paper cites mid-infrared-driven potassium-doped fullerene and reported 313-kelvin aluminium–PZT-interface behavior as related non-equilibrium work. Its next experiment is concrete: replace the metal coating with graphene and determine the drive conditions, if any, under which room-temperature superconductivity appears.Section IV, closing paragraphs, references 12 and 17; Section VI, Enablement of Inventive Concept, reference 13

The apparatus, in the site’s own words

The source above is the released 2019 paper. This guide separates its proposed apparatus, its mathematical relations, and the measurement a laboratory would need to obtain.

1. Build a wire that is also a resonator

The starting object is a composite wire. Its centre is an electrical insulator such as Teflon. Around it sits a thin layer of aluminium or a piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT. The paper places the coating near the London penetration depth, the scale over which a magnetic field enters a superconductor. A pulsed current and a mechanical or piezoelectric drive then excite the wire at resonance.

That arrangement matters because the paper puts the intended superconducting path at the boundary between the conducting layer and the insulator. It is not a search for a newly discovered bulk chemical compound. It is a driven material system: composition, boundary, current pulse, vibration and frequency are all adjustable parts of one apparatus.

2. Why the vibration frequency carries the argument

Pais starts with the London equation for superconducting current in an applied electric field and substitutes the acceleration of simple harmonic motion. The resulting relation is written as follows.

Carrier-mass relation used in the paper(3)

m_s \propto \frac{q_s^2}{\omega^2}

What this says

In the paper’s model, raising the angular vibration frequency makes the effective carrier mass smaller. The frequency is squared, so doubling it changes this term by four.

The next step combines the same relation with Faraday’s law. The paper derives stronger diamagnetism as the vibration frequency rises. Diamagnetism is the magnetic response associated with the Meissner effect: a superconducting material excludes an applied magnetic field from its interior. These are derivations in the paper’s model, not a report that the composite wire has already shown zero resistance or magnetic-field exclusion at room temperature.

3. Turn the design into a measurement

The paper names three linked signatures: zero electrical resistance, the Meissner effect and macroscopic quantum coherence. A build can therefore record resistance while the drive frequency, current pulse and coating are changed, and measure the magnetic response with an applied field. Those readings establish what the material does; a vehicle sketch does not substitute for them.

Pais also gives the next material variation: replace the metal coating with graphene and find the operating conditions, if any, that produce room-temperature superconductivity. That makes the programme testable one wire at a time. The released paper provides the design and its derivation; it does not provide a reported room-temperature-superconductivity result from this wire.

4. How it joins the craft concept

The companion hybrid-craft paper places electrically charged, vibrating surfaces around a vehicle. Here the intended material for that surface is a room-temperature superconductor with a high Q factor, meaning energy stored divided by energy lost. Pais connects that condition to a proposed change in local vacuum energy density. The material problem comes first: build the surface, control its drive and measure its electrical and magnetic behavior.

Citation

Salvatore C. Pais, Naval Air Systems Command, Room Temperature Superconducting System for use on a Hybrid Aerospace-Undersea Craft, AIAA SciTech Forum, AIAA 2019-0869 (2019). DOI 10.2514/6.2019-0869.

Related sources

Pais, A Hybrid Craft Using an Inertial Mass Modification Device (2017): /library/stm-05f8bf7026
Pais, Piezoelectricity-Induced Room Temperature Superconductor patent filing: /library/stm-ac45e5fd5e
Pais, High Frequency Gravitational Wave Generator patent: /library/stm-630831fa55

The way in

https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0869

Historical source-access record. This guide links to the original; it does not reproduce the paper text.

WHAT THIS IS. A conference paper, not a patent: AIAA 2019-0869, presented at the AIAA SciTech Forum in San Diego, 7 to 11 January 2019, by Salvatore Cezar Pais, Aerospace Engineer, NAWCAD Air 4.3.5.1, Department of the Navy, NAS Patuxent River, Maryland. RIGHTS PROMOTED. The paper is paywalled at the AIAA, but its own title page carries two statements that settle the rights: ‘NAVAIR Public Release 2018-854. Distribution Statement A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited’, and ‘This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.’ This page is therefore promoted from summary-only to public domain and reproduces the complete text. TEXT SOURCE. The released PDF published by the Naval Air Systems Command FOIA reading room, file 2022-006587 FINAL VERSION AIAA 2019-0869, at https://www.navair.navy.mil/foia — extracted, de-paginated, and cleaned of running heads and the AIAA download banner. Equations are transcribed inline and inequalities are written in words; nothing else is altered. RELATED PAGES. The 2017 hybrid-craft paper this one continues is at /library/stm-05f8bf7026, the Navy patent behind it at /library/stm-4678f2e210, the piezoelectricity-induced superconductor filing at /library/stm-ac45e5fd5e, the gravitational-wave generator at /library/stm-630831fa55, and the plasma compression fusion device at /library/stm-99473476f3.

How to cite it

Salvatore C. Pais (2019) Room Temperature Superconducting System for use on a Hybrid Aerospace-Undersea Craft doi:10.2514/6.2019-0869