Method for Creating a Rapidly Changing Energy Shell of Quantum Fluctuations About Masses for Acceleration Without Mass Ejection

Abstract

A method for rapidly changing the energy shell of quantum fluctuations (ESQFs) about a mass that changes fast enough to produce time dilation and retardation between the ESQFs on opposite sides of the mass, to produce acceleration as was shown under a new quantum gravity model. The method includes a three layered capacitor system comprising an electrostatic (ES) capacitor, i.e., a dielectric with no outer electrode, on an AC capacitor, on a DC capacitor. The AC capacitor shares an electrode on one side with the ES capacitor and on the other side with the DC capacitor. The ES capacitor has the electrodeless dielectric material surface adjacent to the upper ESQFs of the layered capacitor system and the DC capacitor has the earth ground surface adjacent to the lower ESQFs of the layered capacitor system. When the AC and DC voltages are applied to the layered capacitor system, an asymmetry is produced between the upper and lower ESQFs to cause acceleration on the layered capacitor system. Applying quadrants of the layered capacitor system on the surface of a craft, the craft can be accelerated in any direction, where when optimally operated to only control the ESQFs outside the craft, objects in the cavity will not feel any effects from the layered capacitor systems nor experience any inertia due to the acceleration on the craft.

Background

The present invention relates to a method for creating a rapidly changing energy shell of quantum fluctuations (ESQFs) about masses for acceleration without mass ejection based on a new quantum gravity model, derived from a historical standpoint, that there is considerable theoretical and experimental basis behind the idea that everything that surrounds us can be described as a macroscopic collection of fluctuations, vibrations, and oscillations associated with quantum mechanical fluctuations and quantum energy fluctuations. That is, all masses are composed of quantum mechanical fluctuations superimposed on quantum energy fluctuations and surrounded by a medium of quantum energy fluctuations. Whereby, the combined mechanical and energy fluctuations in the quantum energy field in masses and the quantum energy fluctuations in the quantum energy field surrounding masses are two separate quantum energy fields. As such, the combined quantum mechanical and energy fluctuations in masses produces a thin energy shell of quantum fluctuations, emanating from the outer surface of masses, that is entangled to a mass’s internal and external quantum energy fields to mediate differences that occur between the mass’s internal and external quantum energy fields.

The new quantum gravity model is partially discussed herein as taken from the online peer reviewed paper by the inventor entitled “Quantum Gravity as a Quantum Warp Field,” on Research Gate, the General Science Journal, and LinkedIn websites, wherein it shows that an ESQFs can be evaluated at every radial distance from all masses in the Universe, composing a quantized quantum energy field of ESQFs like the shells about an onion throughout the Universe (although a bit muddled due to interference between masses) and impart features like spacetime within general relativity. That is, the Universe quantum energy field in this new quantum gravity model is not the vacuum energy field as discussed in literature, but the underlying quantum energy field that composes spacetime. As such, when asymmetric changes occur in the ESQFs near and about the surface of a mass, the asymmetric ESQFs behaves like a warp field, expanding and contracting the external quantum field about the mass, to produce acceleration, gravitationally or by other acceleration means. Not unlike the warp field as presented in the 1994 paper by M. Alcubierre, entitled “The warp drive: hyper-fast travel within general relativity,” Class. Quant. Grav. 11, pp. L73 to L77.

Further, the ESQFs at the surface about all masses is the same thin shell about all masses as discussed in the 2004 paper by J. Khoury and A. Weltman, entitled “Chameleon Cosmology,” Phys. Rev. D 69, p. 044026 (2004), which is a new gravity model based on the density environment about mass, wherein the thin shell has an outer radius a bit greater than the radius of the mass and where the difference between the two radii is the thin-shell thickness. In general, the new quantum gravity model converts Chameleon Cosmology into an acceleration model, by rapidly changing the density of the quantum energy field in a mass, to asymmetrically change the ESQFs about the mass, to accelerate the mass. This is actually what occurs in rocketry, as the gases accelerated in the rocket’s nozzle produce a rapidly changing quantum energy field density, to cause the ESQFs about the rocket to become asymmetric.

Under the new quantum model, the thin shell thickness under Chameleon Cosmology was shown to be the wavelength of the quantum energy in the ESQFs, where the quantum energy in the ESQFs about masses, in the plane of motion from forward to aft-ward, behaves much like two opposing Casimir cavities with the mass being centered between them and free to move. Whereby, when the quantum energy in the two opposing Casimir cavities is asymmetric, that is, the quantum energy in one Casimir cavity (the aft-ward ESQFs) is higher than the quantum energy in the other Casimir cavity (the forward ESQFs), the mass accelerates forward, within the outer radius of the asymmetric ESQFs, with the reverse true. As the mass contains an internal quantum energy field, the acceleration of the mass’s internal quantum energy field keeps a quantum energy pressure on the ESQFs, to cause the asymmetry of the ESQFs about the mass to remain — that is, inertia — to keep the mass accelerating.

Theory

In the new gravity model, the Universe quantum energy field is not a charged electromagnetic field, but the uncharged quantum energy field that composes spacetime. Therefore, operating on the external quantum field about a mass with an electromagnetic field is not possible, unless there are masses in the external quantum energy field about a mass that are charged; noting that operating on charged particles in a quantum energy field is a quantum mechanical process. This is somewhat the notion behind using charged virtual particles under vacuum energy models, as the zero-point-field model in prior art.

As previously noted, the quantum energy field in a mass contains both quantum mechanical and quantum energy fluctuations, where under the new quantum gravity model, the surface ESQFs was shown to be proportional to a mass’s density, which constrains the quantum mechanical fluctuations in the mass. That is, a mass’s density is strongly coupled to the quantum mechanical fluctuations in the mass, but loosely coupled to the quantum energy fluctuations in a mass. In laymen’s terms, one can say that the quantum mechanical fluctuations that produce a mass’s density squeeze quantum energy fluctuations into the ESQFs about a mass. Therefore, as the quantum mechanical and quantum energy fluctuations in the quantum energy field in masses are intertwined, one only needs to operate on the quantum mechanical fluctuations in a mass to increase or decrease the quantum energy fluctuations in the ESQFs about a mass. And, if done in an asymmetric manner, acceleration can be imposed on the mass.

One such method is the present invention, wherein the quantum mechanical process known as momentum, having similarity to Newton’s Cradle, is used. In Newton’s Cradle, a first accelerated mass hits a series of stationary masses confined by the other masses in series with only the unconfined mass at the opposite end being accelerated. That is, the momentum in the first accelerated mass’s ESQFs is transferred through the ESQFs to the adjacent mass’s ESQFs in series and there on to the ESQFs of the unconfined mass at the opposite end, causing it to accelerate.

In the present invention, particulates in a mass are accelerated. However, the accelerated particulates do not leave the mass. Instead the accelerated quantum energy, that is the momentum, in the ESQFs about the particulates is transferred to the surface ESQFs about the mass in the direction of motion. This causes the ESQFs in the direction of the internal accelerated quantum energy field to increase in thickness, increasing the wavelength of the quantum energy in the ESQFs, whereby decreasing the quantum energy in the ESQFs. At the same time, the internal accelerated quantum energy field causes the ESQFs in the opposite direction of motion to decrease in thickness, decreasing the wavelength of the quantum energy in the opposite ESQFs, whereby increasing the quantum energy in the ESQFs. This differential in the quantum energies in the ESQFs produces an asymmetric ESQFs about the mass in the direction of motion of the internal accelerated quantum energy field, to cause the mass to accelerate. This is the same inertia model as previously discussed, where the acceleration of the mass’s internal quantum energy field keeps a quantum energy pressure on the ESQFs, to cause the asymmetry of the ESQFs about the mass to remain — to keep the mass accelerating.

Model

In accordance with the new quantum gravity model, the acceleration of a mass is due to the asymmetric change in the unaccelerated wavelength in the mass’s ESQFs, producing a forward ESQFs quantum wavelength that is different from the aft-ward ESQFs quantum wavelength, as defined by the direction of motion being forward. Whereby, the acceleration of the mass can be given in relationship to the wavelengths as Equation 1: the acceleration is approximately the geometric factor kappa, times the difference between the aft-ward wavelength raised to the minus fourth power and the forward wavelength raised to the minus fourth power, times the constant Q, times the radius of the dominant local gravitational mass. Here kappa is a geometric factor, equal to 4π/3 for spherical masses.

Equation 2 gives the constant as Q equals 4π² times the reduced Planck constant divided by the speed of light, times the Newtonian constant of gravitation G, which is approximately 9.268 × 10⁵² m⁴/s². It is directly related to G. The radius of the local dominant gravitational mass is important as it establishes the local external quantum field that the mass is accelerated in.

In the present invention, the forward and aft-ward wavelengths are defined with respect to the change in the density of the quantum energy field within a mass’s ESQFs outer radius, caused by the accelerated particulates, which asymmetrically changes the ESQFs about the mass and so accelerates the mass. Equation 3 gives the wavelengths in relationship to the densities: each wavelength is approximately the fourth root of the quantity 4π² times the reduced Planck constant divided by the speed of light, divided by the corresponding density. So when the aft-ward density of the quantum energy field exceeds the forward density, the forward wavelength exceeds the aft-ward wavelength, with the reverse true. Given that the forward wavelength exceeds the aft-ward wavelength, the mass is accelerated forward, per Equation 1.

In like manner to opposing Casimir cavities, the quantum energy in the forward ESQFs, given by Planck’s constant times the speed of light divided by the forward wavelength, is less than the quantum energy in the aft-ward ESQFs. Whereby, the associated quantum energy pressures are unbalanced, causing the mass to accelerate in the direction away from the higher quantum energy in the aft-ward ESQFs. Combining Equations 1 to 3 yields Equation 4: the mass’s acceleration is approximately kappa times the difference between the aft-ward and forward densities, times G, times the radius of the local dominant gravitational mass.

Under the present invention, the accelerated particulates in the accelerated mass are electrons accelerated under electrostatic means. As such, the accelerated mass contains a three layered capacitor system composed of an electrostatic (ES) capacitor, that is a dielectric with no outer electrode, on an AC capacitor, on a DC capacitor. In this arrangement the AC capacitor shares an electrode with the ES capacitor on one side and with the DC capacitor on the other side, with the other electrode on the DC capacitor serving as the earth ground or the base ground of the three layered capacitor system.

The absence of the outer electrode on the dielectric material of the ES capacitor prevents the buildup of electrons on the outer surface of the dielectric material, so that the ESQFs on the surface of the dielectric material can change without impedance from surface electrons, that is, absorbing the energy or momentum in the accelerated quantum energy field to produce a collective voltage potential across the dielectric. Whereby, a space charge is formed in the dielectric material of the electrostatic capacitor, when a voltage is applied to the AC capacitor. As such, the AC capacitor serves to provide the energy to accelerate the quantum energy field in the dielectric material of the ES capacitor. The DC capacitor serves to shield the electrical energy from the AC capacitor.

Since the voltage on the AC capacitor is oscillatory, an oscillatory displacement current is produced in the dielectric material of the ES capacitor. The oscillatory displacement current is in fact the accelerated quantum energy field, which is first accelerated in one direction by the voltage applied to the AC capacitor to either increase or decrease the quantum energy in the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material, then allowed to relax back into the dielectric material as the voltage returns to zero, which allows the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material to return to its normal quantum energy level.

In similarity to rapidly changing electrons that produce electric and magnetic fields that are time varying to produce time dilation and retardation under Lienard-Wiechert potentials, under this new quantum gravity model there are overlapping quantum energy fields: the quantum energy field in the three layered capacitor system and the quantum field in the ESQFs about the three layered capacitor system. As such, there is an ESQFs retardation across the three layered capacitor system. That is, a small reaction time, equal to the change in the ESQFs outer radius divided by the speed of light — equivalently the change in wavelength divided by the speed of light — is induced between the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material and the ESQFs at the surface of the earth ground, corresponding to a change to the three layered capacitor system’s ESQFs outer radius with a phase shift from the normal ESQFs outer radius of the accelerated mass. This infers a retardation time, the ordinary time less that reaction time, which results in the change in the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material dominating over the ESQFs at the surface of the earth ground in the overlapping time dilated quantum energy fields about the three layered capacitor system. That is, there is no change to the ESQFs at the surface of the earth ground during the retardation time.

Time dilation and retardation is a key feature in the present invention, as it allows the acceleration on the dielectric material of the ES capacitor to be given from Equation 4, with respect to Equation 1, as Equation 5: the acceleration on the electrostatic capacitor is approximately kappa times the change in the quantum energy wavelength in the ESQFs at the surface of the dielectric material, times Q, times the radius of the local dominant gravitational mass; equivalently kappa times the change in the density of the quantum energy field in that dielectric material, times G, times that radius.

From the earlier acceleration model of the new quantum gravity model, for example from the paper by the inventor entitled “The Chameleon Solid Rocket Propulsion Model,” AIP CP1208, SPESIF (2010), the density change in the dielectric material of the electrostatic capacitor is given in Equation 6 as the ratio of the electron acceleration to the local acceleration of gravity, times the magnitude of the density of the accelerated quantum energy field in the dielectric material of the ES capacitor.

The magnitude of the displacement current, and therefore the magnitude of the change in the quantum energy field density distribution, is directly related to the electron charge on the shared electrode with the AC capacitor. Therefore, the magnitude of the acceleration of the quantum energy field is taken to be approximately equivalent to the magnitude of the acceleration of an electron in the applied electric field, the applied voltage divided by the thickness, given by Equation 7: the electron acceleration is approximately a characteristic factor times the electron charge-to-mass ratio, times the applied AC voltage divided by the thickness of the dielectric material of the electrostatic capacitor, divided by the time of applied voltage — which is approximately the drift velocity divided by that time. Equation 8 then gives the drift velocity as the characteristic factor times the electron charge-to-mass ratio times the applied voltage divided by the dielectric thickness. The characteristic factor serves as a combination of all the characteristics of the dielectric material that will affect the electron drift velocity, and it will affect the time dilation and retardation and could be a function of time.

The magnitude of the density of the accelerated quantum energy field in the dielectric material of the ES capacitor can be taken to be a function of the electron density on the shared electrode with the AC capacitor, given by Equation 9 as plus or minus the number of electrons times the electron mass, divided by the area of the shared electrode of the AC capacitor times the average thickness of the electrons on the surface of that shared electrode, where the sign indicates whether the electrons are added or removed. Noting that the number of electrons added or removed is related to the sign and magnitude of the voltage applied to the shared electrode of the AC capacitor, the magnitude of the number of electrons can be estimated by Equation 10: the relative permittivity of the dielectric material in the AC capacitor times the vacuum permittivity, times the ratio of the AC capacitor electrode area to the AC dielectric thickness, times the applied voltage divided by the electron charge.

The acceleration on the electrostatic capacitor is an impulse. Therefore, the time-averaged acceleration on the electrostatic capacitor is a function of the time rate of change of the added or increasing electron density on the shared electrode of the AC capacitor, or the time rate of change of the removed or decreasing electron density on that electrode. Generally these two times are equal, such that the frequency of the applied AC voltage is approximately the reciprocal of that time. Whereby, using Equations 5 to 7, the time averaged acceleration on the electrostatic capacitor is given as Equation 11: approximately kappa times the ratio of the electron density to the density of the local gravitational mass, times the drift velocity times the frequency — the product of drift velocity and frequency being the oscillatory acceleration of the quantum energy field.

Given that the three layered capacitor system would be placed about a mass, that is a craft, the total mass of the craft is enclosed in the ESQFs, which is being changed by the accelerated quantum energy field in the dielectric of the ES capacitor, due to time dilation and retardation. Whereby, the force or thrust on the total mass is given by Equation 12: the thrust under positive applied voltage is the negative of the thrust under negative applied voltage, and is approximately minus the total mass times the magnitude of the acceleration on the electrostatic capacitor; noting that the direction of the acceleration on the dielectric in the ES capacitor is opposite to the sign of the applied AC voltage.

Prior Art

The present invention has some resemblance to the electromagnetic device as presented in the 1949 papers by J. Slepian, entitled “Electromagnetic Spaceship,” Electric Essay, pp. 145 to 146, February; and the follow-on paper entitled “Spark-Gap in Wonderland,” Electric Essay, p. 245, March. Except that a time varying electromagnetic field was applied to cause electrons to accelerate in the E cross B direction to produce a time varying accelerated quantum energy field, to produce a time dilated and retarded ESQFs in the E cross B direction. Experiments resembling the Slepian device have been reported by James F. Woodward and Peter Vandeventer in the paper, and references therein, entitled “Mach’s Principle, Flux Capacitors, and Propulsion,” AIP CP813, STAIF, 2006; and by Hector H. Brito and Sergio A. Elaskar, in the paper, and references therein, entitled “Overview of Theories and Experiments on Electromagnetic Inertia Manipulation Propulsion,” AIP CP746, STAIF, 2005.

In difference to the Slepian device and of interest to the present invention is that a dielectric material was needed to see any thrusting effect. The dielectric material used in both experiments was barium titanate, a dielectric that is non-linear in the electric and magnetic field as reported by the inventor in the paper entitled “Electromagnetic Nonlinearity in the Dielectric Medium of Experimental EM Impulse-Momentum Systems,” AIP CP813, STAIF, 2006. Effectively, barium titanate is a manmade material and therefore can be considered a metamaterial.

The present invention also has some resemblance to the two layered superconductor reported by Evgeny Podkletnov and Giovanni Modanese in the paper entitled “Impulse Gravity Generation Based on Charged YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconductor with Composite Crystal Structure,” arxiv.org, physics/0108005, (2001). Except a charged two layered, top seeded melt textured, Type II, YBCO superconductor was used. The two layered structure would behave similarly to a capacitor to store charges, which could have been enhanced by the top seeded melt texturing process, which would have caused Josephson junction layering in the two layered superconductor. Josephson junctions behave like capacitors, but allow electron pairs to cross at speeds greater than light speed, that is, the Hartman effect. The effect of Josephson junctions on the production of a gravity like force is discussed by the inventor in chapter 4 entitled “Quantum Effects in the Type II Superconductor that Lead to Power Radiated in Gravitational Waves,” in Gravity-Superconductor Interactions: Theory and Experiment, editors Giovanni Modanese and Glen A. Robertson, Bentham Books, 2012. This experiment was reported to have produced a gravity like force when discharged. The experimenter Evgeny Podkletnov, in private conversations with NASA where the inventor was present, reported that the superconductor emitted two waves, one forward like a gravity wave and one backward like an EM wave, which is unlike the present invention.

In like manner to the aforementioned experiments, the composition of the dielectric material in the ES capacitor will require unique properties to ensure the occurrence of time dilation and retardation in the present invention. Such dielectric materials could, for example, be: a new metamaterial made to ensure the required properties; a leaky dielectric material, that is, one having a small conductivity, as may have occurred with the graphite material at the applied frequency used in the paper by Claude Poher and Danielle Poher, entitled “Gravity and Matter Quantum Behavior from Accelerations, during Electric discharges into Graphite-Based Superconductor,” Applied Physics Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020; an electret, as for example that discussed by Ronald J. Kita in U.S. Pat. No. 8,901,943, entitled “Gravitational Attenuating Material,” Dec. 2, 2014; or a superconductor, specifically a superconductor having one or more Josephson junctions — or other dielectric materials not covered by the above list.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention is directed to a method, comprising a layered capacitor system composed of an electrostatic (ES) capacitor, that is a dielectric with no outer electrode, on an AC capacitor, on a DC capacitor having an earth ground, where the time dilation and retardation is produced between the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material of the ES capacitor and the ESQFs at the surface of the earth ground of the DC capacitor. The AC capacitor shares an electrode on one side with the ES capacitor and on the other side with the DC capacitor, where the application of an AC voltage to the AC capacitor causes the ESQFs at the electrodeless surface of the dielectric material of the ES capacitor to change, while the DC capacitor acts as a shield against the AC effects from the AC capacitor to cause no change to the ESQFs at the surface of the earth ground of the DC capacitor.

When used about a craft, the DC capacitor also provides shielding to the interior of the craft to protect hardware and personnel from the effects of the changing AC voltage and changing quantum energy fields about the craft. Under optimal operations, as the ESQFs is only being changed at the surface of the craft and the effects are shielded by the DC capacitor, hardware and personnel within the craft will not experience the acceleration on the craft. Other embodiments of the present invention are possible and discussed herein. It is a feature of the present invention to provide a method for creating a rapidly changing asymmetric energy shell of quantum fluctuations about a mass for acceleration without mass ejection, as was shown under a new quantum gravity model.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows an illustration of a first embodiment of the present invention to illustrate the main function of the method. FIG. 2 shows an illustration of the two cases of voltage application to the electrode in the present invention, case 1 in FIG. 2A and case 2 in FIG. 2B. FIG. 3 shows an illustration of the two cases in FIG. 2 about a spherical mass to illustrate the directional motion produced from an asymmetric ESQFs about a mass, showing that the motion direction in case 1 is opposite that of case 2. FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention to illustrate a method to control directional acceleration using two layered capacitor systems mirrored with opposite applied voltages of case 1 and case 2 with a cavity between them. FIG. 5 illustrates examples of flyback circuits that can be used to apply high voltages to the electrodes in the present invention, producing positive and negative DC voltage in FIG. 5A and positive and negative AC voltage in FIG. 5B. FIG. 6 illustrates a craft having four quadrants of the embodiment of FIG. 1 to show how the present invention can be used by a craft for directional flight.

Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example below and in FIGS. 1 to 6. In reference to the online peer reviewed paper by the inventor entitled “Quantum Gravity as a Quantum Warp Field,” equally distributed about masses is an energy shell of quantum energy fluctuations, having a thickness equivalent to the wavelength of the quantum energy in the shell. It is understood that the shell has a thickness on the order of subatomic particles, where the shells about the layered capacitor system in FIG. 1 and about the layered capacitor systems in FIGS. 2 to 4 are greatly exaggerated to enhance understanding.

Referring to FIG. 1, which illustrates the layered capacitor system in the present invention, it comprises an outward electrostatic (ES) capacitor, a middle AC capacitor, and an inward DC capacitor. The ES capacitor has an outer surface with attached upper ESQFs, dielectric material and an electrode; the AC capacitor has an outward electrode shared with the outer ES capacitor, dielectric material and an inward electrode; and the DC capacitor has an outward electrode shared with the AC capacitor, dielectric material and an inward electrode with attached lower ESQFs. In FIG. 1, the shell about the layered capacitor system is illustrated only on the top and bottom. It is understood that the shell is equally distributed about the layered capacitor system when it is not under any applied voltages. Further, it is understood that the three dielectric materials can be composed of different materials, known or yet to be discovered, without taking away from the intent of the present invention. Specifically the dielectric material in the ES capacitor could be designed to enhance the acceleration of the internal displacement current, that is, the acceleration of the quantum energy field, in that dielectric material.

In FIG. 1, the outer surface does not have an electrode for electrons to gather upon, when the dielectric material is under a positive or negative voltage on the shared electrode. The innermost electrode is the DC voltage earth ground, whereby the attached lower shell does not change under the applied positive or negative voltages, and the middle electrode is the AC ground. It is understood that the DC voltage earth ground on the innermost electrode and the AC ground on the middle electrode are not attached; as such, the AC ground electrically floats from the earth ground.

The layered capacitor system in FIG. 1 operates by first applying a negative or positive voltage to the middle electrode to establish a DC voltage across the DC dielectric material, with respect to the earth ground on the innermost electrode. Then a positive or negative AC voltage is applied to the upper shared electrode, with respect to the AC ground on the middle electrode and having magnitude opposite to the DC voltage applied to the middle electrode, to establish an AC voltage across the AC dielectric material. The upper shared electrode establishes an oscillatory displacement current, or accelerated quantum energy field, in the ES dielectric material, that changes the wavelength of the quantum energy in the upper shell, and so changes the quantum energy in that shell. As the quantum energy, and thus the wavelength, in the lower shell does not change, an asymmetry between the wavelengths in the upper and lower shells is produced to apply an acceleration to the ES dielectric material, with respect to Equation 1.

It is understood that the DC dielectric material effectively acts as a shield from the effects of the AC voltage across the AC dielectric material. Further, it is understood that the acceleration of the quantum energy field in the ES dielectric material will be a property of that dielectric material, the magnitude of the applied AC voltage, and the frequency of the applied voltage, per Equation 7. Further, it is understood that the application of the AC voltage can be short impulses with an irregular frequency without taking from the intent of the present invention. Even further, it is understood that the ES and AC dielectric materials should have low resistive heating from the AC displacement current produced in them by the AC voltage. And still further, it is understood that the dielectric strengths of all three dielectric materials will be at a level such as to prevent arcing through them at the voltages applied.

Referring to FIG. 2, which illustrates the two cases for the application of the voltages on the middle and upper electrodes of the layered capacitor system in FIG. 1, these impose two different acceleration directions on the quantum energy field in the ES dielectric material. It is understood that there is no acceleration of the quantum energy field in the DC dielectric material and, therefore, no acceleration imposed on the three layered capacitor system by it. Further it is understood that the middle and upper electrodes absorb the quantum energy from the oscillatory quantum energy field in the AC dielectric material caused by the applied AC voltages, to impose no net acceleration on the three layered capacitor system.

FIG. 2A is case 1, showing the layered capacitor system where a positive DC voltage is applied to the middle electrode and a negative AC voltage is applied to the upper electrode, both having the same voltage magnitude. The AC ground on the middle electrode, and the earth ground on the innermost electrode, are as stated for FIG. 1. The negative AC voltage on the upper electrode is imposed on the ES dielectric material, going from zero voltage to negative voltage to zero voltage at the applied frequency, producing an acceleration on the quantum energy field in the ES dielectric material toward the upper electrode, due to the negative electron density on that electrode. In FIG. 2A, the quantum energy, and thus the wavelength, in the upper shell is decreased, while the quantum energy and wavelength in the lower shell does not change due to the time dilation and retardation imposed between the upper and lower shells, causing the acceleration on the layered capacitor system per Equation 1 to be toward the innermost electrode, or toward the lower shell, having the lower quantum energy, to produce a thrust on the layered capacitor system per Equation 12.

FIG. 2B is case 2, showing the layered capacitor system where a negative DC voltage is applied to the middle electrode and a positive AC voltage is applied to the upper electrode, both having the same voltage magnitude. The AC ground on the middle electrode, and the earth ground on the innermost electrode, are as stated for FIG. 1. The positive AC voltage on the upper electrode is imposed on the ES dielectric material, going from zero voltage to positive voltage to zero voltage at the applied frequency, producing an acceleration on the quantum energy field in the ES dielectric material away from the upper electrode, due to the positive electron density on that electrode. In FIG. 2B, the quantum energy, and thus the wavelength, in the upper shell is increased, while the quantum energy and wavelength in the lower shell does not change due to the time dilation and retardation imposed between the upper and lower shells, causing the acceleration on the layered capacitor system per Equation 1 to be toward the outer surface, or toward the upper shell, having the lower quantum energy, to produce a thrust on the layered capacitor system per Equation 12.

With reference to FIG. 3, this illustrates case 1 and case 2 of FIG. 2 with the layered capacitor system of FIG. 1 placed about the left half surface of a spherical mass, and with the electrical ground electrode surrounding the mass, to illustrate the directional motion produced from the asymmetric shell about the mass and layered capacitor system. The dashed circle on the outward part of the shell represents the outer radius of the shell. In FIG. 3, the spherical mass is shifted within the outer radius of the shell due to the applied voltages of case 1 in FIG. 3A or case 2 in FIG. 3B. With reference to FIG. 2A and per Equation 3, the quantum energy wavelengths in the upper and lower shells produce different quantum field densities within the shell. It is understood that as the layered capacitor system is placed about the outer surface of the mass, it controls the shell about the mass.

FIG. 3A is case 1 of FIG. 2A, illustrating the center of the shell by the vertical dashed line that also divides the mass, to illustrate the aft-ward and forward density distributions in the shell, where the aft-ward density is greater than the forward density. Per Equation 4 and as in FIG. 2A, the motion, shown by the dark arrow, is toward the lower shell, having the lower quantum energy. FIG. 3B is case 2 of FIG. 2B, illustrating the center of the shell by the vertical dashed line that also divides the mass, to illustrate the forward and aft-ward density distributions in the shell, where the aft-ward density is greater than the forward density. Per Equation 4, the motion, shown by the dark arrow, is toward the upper shell, having the lower quantum energy.

In reference to FIG. 4 with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 4 illustrates a system containing case 1 and case 2 of FIG. 2 with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3, to illustrate a method to control directional acceleration using two of the layered capacitor systems mirrored with opposite applied voltages, with a cavity between them, in which objects will not feel any effects from either layered capacitor system nor experience any inertia due to the acceleration on the total system. In FIG. 4A, the first layered capacitor system is the same as in FIGS. 2A and 3A, and the second is the same as in FIGS. 2B and 3B, to provide an upper shell and lower shell that are controlled simultaneously to provide controlled acceleration in the direction of the dark arrow, which can be higher than by controlling the shell about only one layered capacitor system. In FIG. 4B, the assignments are reversed, again providing upper and lower shells controlled simultaneously to provide controlled acceleration in the direction of the dark arrow, which can be higher than by controlling the shell about only one layered capacitor system.

FIG. 5 illustrates examples of flyback circuits known in the prior art of electrical power that can be used to apply high voltages to the electrodes in the present invention. FIG. 5A illustrates a flyback circuit for producing a positive and negative DC voltage that can be applied to the middle electrode with respect to the earth ground on the innermost electrode, and FIG. 5B illustrates a flyback circuit for producing a positive and negative AC voltage that can be applied to the upper electrode with respect to the AC ground on the middle electrode. It is understood that the two flyback circuits in FIG. 5 are only one method known in the prior art of electrical power that can be used to power the present invention without taking from the intent of the present invention.

With reference to FIG. 6, this illustrates a cross-section of a craft with the layered capacitor system of FIG. 1 placed in the four quadrants about the craft, indicated separately by a layered capacitor system in each quadrant. It is understood that more or fewer quadrants of the layered capacitor system of FIG. 1 can be placed about a craft without taking from the intent of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the electrically grounded electrode is shared by all the layered capacitor systems, surrounding the inner cavity, and is integral to the outer structure of the craft, to maintain the inner cavity at ground, where the inner cavity provides for placement of a power and control system and other features needed in a craft, that is, crew compartments and so on.

It is understood that by operating the four layered capacitor systems in the manner discussed for FIG. 4, the features needed in the craft, in the cavity, will not feel any effects from the layered capacitor systems nor experience any inertia due to the acceleration on the total system, when the layered capacitor systems are optimally operated to only control the shell outside the layered capacitor systems. In FIG. 6, the power and control system is connected to the layered capacitor systems through wires to the interface boxes. The interface boxes are used to integrate the DC and AC voltages from the power and control system to the respective layered capacitor systems for directional control of the craft with respect to FIG. 4. It is understood that the design of the power and control system as well as the wires and interface boxes can be many as known in the prior art of power and control systems. Further it is understood that the direction of the craft can be determined by operating the layered capacitor systems in the directions desired, as discussed in FIG. 4.

Claims

What is claimed is:

Claim 1. A method for rapidly changing the energy shell of quantum fluctuations (ESQFs) about masses for acceleration without mass ejection comprising a layered capacitor system, having: an electrostatic capacitor with a first dielectric material, having an outer surface on said first dielectric material exposed to an upper ESQFs, and an inner surface on said first dielectric material in contact with a first electrode; an AC capacitor with a second dielectric material in contact with said first electrode, being a positive AC electrode, on one side and in contact with a second electrode, being an AC ground electrode, on the other side; a DC capacitor with a third dielectric material in contact with said second electrode on one side, being a positive DC electrode, and on the other side in contact with a third electrode, being a DC ground, exposed to a lower ESQFs; where the DC voltage across said DC capacitor is equal and opposite to the AC voltage across said AC capacitor; where no oscillatory quantum energy is produced in said DC capacitor, and where said first electrode and said second electrode absorb the oscillatory quantum energy in said second dielectric material of said AC capacitor, to cause no quantum energy to said lower ESQFs; when said AC voltage on said first electrode is negative, said DC voltage on said second electrode is positive, and said first dielectric material experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode, from zero voltage to said negative voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric material, to cause a decreased quantum energy in said upper ESQFs, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs does not change, to cause an asymmetry between said upper ESQFs and said lower ESQFs about said layered capacitor system, to cause motion to said layered capacitor system in a first direction; when said AC voltage on said first electrode is positive, said DC voltage on said second electrode is negative, and said first dielectric material experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode, from zero voltage to said positive voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric material, to cause an increased quantum energy in said upper ESQFs, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs does not change, to cause an asymmetry between said upper ESQFs and said lower ESQFs, to cause motion to said layered capacitor system in a second direction, opposite to said first direction; thus to produce an acceleration method without mass ejection.

Claim 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first dielectric is a metamaterial.

Claim 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first dielectric is a leaky-dielectric material.

Claim 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said first dielectric is an electret material.

Claim 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first dielectric is a superconductor material having one or more Josephson junction layers.

Claim 6. The method of claim 1, wherein multiple said layered capacitor systems are placed about the surface of a craft, where each said layered capacitor system is placed in different quadrants, to produce motion on said craft by operating said layered capacitor systems in each said quadrant in a manner to cause motion in said first or second direction.

Claim 7. A method for rapidly changing the energy shell of quantum fluctuations (ESQFs) about masses for acceleration without mass ejection comprising a first and second layered capacitor system that are mirrored and firmly connected, with a cavity between said layered capacitor systems, wherein said cavity objects will not feel any effects from said layered capacitor systems nor experience any inertia due to the acceleration on said connected layered capacitor systems, where the first and second layered capacitor system have: an electrostatic capacitor with a first dielectric material, having an outer surface on said first dielectric material exposed to an upper ESQFs, and an inner surface on said first dielectric material in contact with a first electrode; an AC capacitor with a second dielectric material in contact with said first electrode, being a positive AC electrode, on one side and in contact with a second electrode, being an AC ground electrode, on the other side; a DC capacitor with a third dielectric material in contact with said second electrode on one side, being a positive DC electrode, and on the other side in contact with a third electrode, being a DC ground, exposed to a lower ESQFs; where the DC voltage across said DC capacitor in said first and second layered capacitor system is equal and opposite to the AC voltage across said AC capacitor in said first and second layered capacitor system; where said first and second layered capacitor system is separated by a cavity between the DC grounds on the first and second layered capacitor system, with said lower ESQFs on said first layered capacitor system downward and said lower ESQFs on said second layered capacitor system upward, and with said upper ESQFs on said first layered capacitor system upward and said upper ESQFs on said second layered capacitor system downward; where no oscillatory quantum energy is produced in said DC capacitor in said first and second layered capacitor system, and where said first and second electrodes in said first and second layered capacitor system absorb the oscillatory quantum energy in said second dielectric material of said AC capacitor in said first and second layered capacitor system, to cause no quantum energy field change in said cavity; when said AC voltage on said first electrode in said second layered capacitor system is negative, said DC voltage on said second electrode in said first layered capacitor system is positive, and said first dielectric material in said first layered capacitor system experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode in said first layered capacitor system, from zero voltage to said negative voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric material in said first layered capacitor system, to cause a decreasing quantum energy in said upper ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system does not change; and when said AC voltage on said first electrode in said second layered capacitor system is positive, said DC voltage on said second electrode in said second layered capacitor system is negative, and said first dielectric material in said second layered capacitor system experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode in said second layered capacitor system, from zero voltage to said positive voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric material in said second layered capacitor system, to cause an increasing quantum energy in said upper ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system does not change, to cause an asymmetry between said upper ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system and said upper ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system without causing any quantum energy field change in said cavity, while causing motion of said cavity and said first and second layered capacitor system in a first direction; when said AC voltage on said first electrode in said first layered capacitor system is positive, said DC voltage on said second electrode in said first layered capacitor system is negative, and said first dielectric material in said first layered capacitor system experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode in said first layered capacitor system, from zero voltage to said positive voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric in said first layered capacitor system, to cause an increased quantum energy in said upper ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system does not change; and when said AC voltage on said first electrode in said second layered capacitor system is negative, said DC voltage on said second electrode in said second layered capacitor system is positive, and said first dielectric material in said second layered capacitor system experiences said AC voltage from said first electrode in said second layered capacitor system, from zero voltage to said negative AC voltage, causing an oscillatory acceleration of said quantum energy field in said first dielectric material in said second layered capacitor system, to cause an increased quantum energy in said upper ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system, while said quantum energy in said lower ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system does not change, to cause an asymmetry between said upper ESQFs of said first layered capacitor system and said upper ESQFs of said second layered capacitor system without causing any quantum energy field change in said cavity, while causing motion of said cavity and said first and second layered capacitor system in a second direction, opposite to the first direction; thus said mirrored layered capacitor systems produce an acceleration method without mass ejection and without causing any quantum energy field change in said cavity, wherein said cavity objects will not feel any effects from said layered capacitor systems nor experience any inertia due to the acceleration on said connected layered capacitor systems.

Claim 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said first dielectric is a metamaterial.

Claim 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said first dielectric is a leaky-dielectric material.

Claim 10. The method of claim 7, wherein said first dielectric is an electret material.

Claim 11. The method of claim 7, wherein said first dielectric is a superconductor material having one or more Josephson junction layers.

Claim 12. The method of claim 7, wherein multiple said layered capacitor systems are placed mirrored about the surface of a craft, where each said mirrored layered capacitor system is placed in different mirrored quadrants, to produce motion on said craft by operating said mirrored layered capacitor systems in each said mirrored quadrant, in said manner in claim 7, to cause motion in any direction.