In one minute

Stanislaw Szpak describes in detail how palladium electrodes are made by palladium and deuterium co-deposition. Proposed in May 1989, the method electrodeposits palladium and deuterium ions together onto a substrate that does not absorb deuterium, removing the long charging time of massive electrodes. It was also meant to study the processes that start nuclear activity in the polarised palladium and heavy water system. Szpak responds to Letts and Hagelstein, who modified his protocol for 100% reproducible excess heat, noting his group had shown deuterium loading above 100%. He concludes that co-deposition gives effective cathodes and insight into the conditions behind nuclear events inside the palladium lattice.

The Pd + D co-deposition: process, product, performance