Direct Electricity Production from NANOR®-type ZrO2-PdNiD Components Using Ultrasound
Mitchell R. Swartz
Abstract and summary · read the original at the source
In one page
Mitchell Swartz of JET Energy builds NANOR components: sealed two-terminal units in which nanostructured zirconium oxide isolates islands of palladium-nickel alloy preloaded with deuterium. In his earlier work he drove them electrically and measured excess heat. Here he puts in no electricity at all. The component’s two terminals go only to a very high impedance electrometer, and the energy arrives as sound — ultrasound near one megahertz, from a third of a watt up to twenty-five watts per square centimetre, delivered through water baths with quarter-wavelength impedance matching so that little of it reflects. The component answers with direct current. Swartz reports an electrical output about 655 per cent above anything the ohmic controls gave, even though those controls present far more area to the beam. The voltage falls away before the temperature does, which is his argument that the electricity is not simply a thermal by-product, and swapping the deuterium for ordinary hydrogen shrinks the response to a minimum.
Why it matters hereChapter 12 is about getting energy out of a loaded lattice, and every route so far has ended in heat, which then has to be pushed through a thermoelectric converter and pay the Carnot toll. Swartz is reporting the shortcut: current straight out of the component, from an acoustic stimulus rather than an electrical one. Read it beside his impedance-spectroscopy sheet at /library/stm-8f7f1088f8, which is how he tells an active component from a spent one, and the magnetic-domain work at /library/stm-ba7a7779b0, where a different stimulus makes the same components oscillate.
What it claims
01The ZrO2-PdNiD nanostructured material holds deuterated palladium-nickel core islands electrically isolated by a zirconia dielectric, and in this run the components and the ohmic controls were connected only to the terminals of a Keithley electrometer, with no applied electrical drive at all, so no observed temperature rise can be attributed to an applied electric field.Section 1 Introduction; Section 2 Experimental, first three paragraphs
On the bench now02Ultrasound near one megahertz, delivered at 0.3 to 25 watts per square centimetre over an active area of about 0.02 square centimetre through impedance-matched water baths, produces direct electrical energy from the component far above the noise level, and the excess electricity is about 655 per cent higher than anything seen from any control, although the applied magnetic field, set orthogonal to the induced current, decreased rather than increased the output.Abstract; Section 2 Experimental; Section 3.1 Electricity Production with Figure 1
On the bench now03The electrical output is not a consequence of the heating: the voltage at the electrometer falls before the temperature falls off, the temperature rise outlasts the voltage, and the components had been preloaded weeks before the experiment, so no residual loading energy can account for it.Section 3.1, paragraph on the temperature rise lasting longer; Section 4.1 Important Issues to Consider
On the bench now04Deuterium is the fuel: under a single 15 watt ultrasonic pulse the ZrO2-PdNiH component gives a minimal but clear response, the chemically loaded ZrO2-PdNiD component a significantly greater one, and the electrically loaded ZrO2-PdNiD component the largest of the three, compared by the area under each temperature curve.Section 3.2 Deuterons are the Fuel, with Figure 3
On the bench now05Under a 25 watt per square centimetre pulse the peak temperature of the NANOR component arrives after the ultrasound has been switched off, unlike the ohmic controls, and the components show late-occurring temperature responses that continue past the end of the pulse, which Swartz reads as secondary reactions following the trigger.Section 3.2, closing paragraphs, with Figure 4
On the bench now06Direct electrical output would bypass the thermoelectric conversion step and its Carnot penalty, but the energy produced so far is microscopic and the conversion efficiency is only about ten to the minus thirteenth to ten to the minus fourteenth of the transiting ultrasonic energy; the open question named is what breaks the symmetry so that an alternating acoustic wave yields a direct current, with the one-sided deuteron preloading the leading candidate, and diodes and amplifiers the next thing to be added.Section 4 Interpretation; Section 4.1; Section 5 Conclusions
What to watch
The way in
https://doi.org/10.70923/001c.124954The article prints ’© 2023 ICCF. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123’ on its first page and the journal record carries no Creative Commons licence, so this sheet reproduces the author’s own abstract and sends the reader to the source, where the four figures are free to read at jcmns.org/article/124954.pdf. Published as J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 38 (2024) 179-185. One broken glyph in the extracted abstract, the tilde before 655 per cent, has been restored; nothing else is changed. Work carried out at JET Energy, Inc., Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts.
How to cite it
Mitchell R. Swartz (2024) Direct Electricity Production from NANOR®-type ZrO2-PdNiD Components Using Ultrasound. doi:10.70923/001c.124954
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