In one minute

Christof Baumgärtel and Simon Maher model electron beams using Weber electrodynamics, a direct force acting along the line between interacting charges rather than a field. Coils and solenoids often guide, deflect and focus particle beams, so accurate trajectory predictions are needed, especially where the magnetic field spreads out beyond the coil ends. Their experiment sent a 2000 eV electron beam through a 290-turn coil. The Weber model, a standard field model and commercial software all matched the measured deflection and were equally accurate. A solenoid's magnetic field map and the Weber force map were also qualitatively the same.

A Charged Particle Model based on Weber Electrodynamics for Electron Beam Trajectories in Coil and Solenoid Elements