In one minute

Bimonte, Klimchitskaya and Mostepanenko use the finite-temperature polarisation tensor of quantum electrodynamics to study how graphene's mass gap and chemical potential affect the Casimir force and its thermal correction. They treat a gold sphere facing a real graphene sheet or graphene-coated dielectric substrates. A larger mass gap weakens the force while a larger chemical potential strengthens it, so the two act in opposite directions. Graphene-coated substrates give a much stronger force than free-standing graphene, but a smaller thermal correction and fractional thermal share. A proposed differential experiment to observe graphene's giant thermal Casimir effect remains feasible once the mass gap and chemical potential of real samples are included.

Thermal effect in the Casimir force for graphene and graphene-coated substrates