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Kasagi, Itoh, Iwamura and colleagues developed photon radiation calorimetry for the anomalous heat effect in nickel-copper multilayer films, using three detector types covering 0.3 µm to 5.5 µm. Comparing spectra with and without hydrogen shows sample-specific excess heat, largest for the nickel-copper composite layers. A heat flow model gives 4 to 6 W of excess heat, with 460 ± 120 kJ generated over 80 hours. That is at least 410 ± 108 keV per hydrogen atom, far beyond chemistry and at the level of nuclear reactions. Because the spectrum fits gray-body radiation, emissivity and temperature can be deduced directly, an advantage over thermometry at high temperature.

Photon Radiation Calorimetry for Anomalous Heat Generation in NiCu Multilayer Thin Film