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Since 2011, Francesco Celani and colleagues have developed simple procedures to activate long, thin, surface-modified Constantan wires by Joule heating so that they produce the anomalous heat effect. Their latest work replicates earlier findings and adds tests of isotopic effects with hydrogen and deuterium gas. The reactor keeps their inverse coaxial coil geometry from 2019, and energy balance is measured by thermometry on the reactor wall, faster than flow calorimetry, with helium runs as reference. During long operation in hydrogen they saw, for the first time, a clear isotopic effect between hydrogen and deuterium. Low-cost Constantan closely resembles expensive palladium in anomalous heat and resistance change, opening decades of cold fusion knowledge to a cheaper material.

Advancements in the Production of Anomalous Heat Effect in Constantan Wires