In one minute

Mitchell Swartz uses impedance, or dielectric, spectroscopy, a nondestructive way to measure how the electrical properties of lattice-assisted nuclear reaction materials change with frequency. An applied field polarises the material, and the task is to separate that response into the mechanisms that contribute to it. He examined previously active, dry, preloaded NANOR-type components made of ZrO2-PdD and ZrO2-PdNiD from about 10^4 Hz to about 2 GHz. Bode, Cole-Cole, Nyquist and Smith-chart plots show clear, distinguishable differences from conventional materials and ohmic controls. Active materials have highly unusual transconduction while producing excess heat, and dry preloaded samples can suffer avalanche breakdown that ends that heat.

Impedance Spectroscopy Distinguishes Active ZrO2-PdNiD NANOR-type LANR Components