Ages 8–12 · about 6 minutes
Can You Get Energy From Nothing?
If empty space is full of energy, can we plug into it?
The big idea
Shake a mirror fast enough and empty space hands you real light.
- ground state
- The lowest setting anything can have. There is nothing below it.
- photon
- One single tiny piece of light.
- ledger
- A list of everything that goes in and everything that comes out.
If empty space is full of energy, can we plug into it?
That question has a long history and a lot of disappointment in it. People have promised free energy machines for two hundred years. None of them worked. So this chapter comes with a rule attached, and the rule is strict.
Empty space is the ground state. It is the lowest setting there is. There is no lower place for anything to fall into. Keep that in your pocket and the whole subject gets clearer.

What we know for sure
Think about a machine that goes round in a loop. It works, then returns to exactly where it started. That machine cannot hand you free energy. Let two Casimir plates snap together and you get some energy out. Pulling them apart costs you all of it back. The loop closes at zero.
Now here is the wonderful part. In 2011 Christopher Wilson and his colleagues did something extraordinary. They shook the edge of a superconducting circuit billions of times every second.
Real light came out. Not a metaphor, not a calculation. Detectable photons, appearing where there had been nothing but vacuum. Other laboratories have repeated it since.
Read that carefully though. The photons are real, and so is the electricity that shook the mirror. The vacuum handed over light, and the energy came from the shaking.
What scientists are testing right now
The open question is whether a device can do this and come out ahead. Three funded teams are building toward it.
Casimir Incorporated is run by Harold White. It won a United States Space Force contract in August 2026. Garrett Moddel builds tiny cavities with a one-way path for current. Paul Thibado uses a sheet of carbon one atom thick, rippling on its own.
All three name the same finish line. Build a device. Measure everything going in and everything coming out. Show that the ledger comes out ahead over a full loop. Then have a completely different laboratory get the same result.
Nobody has done that yet. Scientists are testing these ideas right now. This website will report what happens, whichever way it goes.
Why it matters
Imagine a sealed box the size of a cupboard. No fuel, no smoke, no wires from the horizon. It just runs.
A clinic on a remote hillside would get everything a city hospital has. Fresh water could be made beside any coast. Nobody would burn anything to stay warm.
Almost every price on Earth hides the cost of energy inside it. That part would simply fall away.
Your turn
Why do scientists insist on a second laboratory repeating a result? And if you built such a box, what would you measure first? How would you check that you were not fooling yourself?
Nobody knows yet whether the ledger can be closed. Maybe you will be the one to close it.
Try this at home
Make waves out of stillness
You need: A sink or a washing-up bowl filled with water, and your hand
- 1.Fill the sink and wait until the surface is completely still and flat.
- 2.Slide your flat hand slowly through the water, back and forth. Watch the surface.
- 3.Now move your hand back and forth as fast as you possibly can.
Notice: Slow moves barely disturb anything. Fast moves throw real waves across the whole sink. Those waves are real energy, and every bit of it came out of your arm. Scientists did this to empty space with a mirror, and got real light.
For grown-ups and older readers
This lesson comes from Chapter 6: Getting Energy From the Vacuum and the map unit Energy from the vacuum.